On November 2, 2017, Anderson was named the bullpen coach for the Detroit Tigers for the 2018 season. On June 27, 2018, Anderson was promoted to pitching coach for the Tigers, following the firing of Chris Bosio.

On October 2, 2014, following the termination of Gardenhire, it was announced that Anderson would not be returning as the Twins pitching coach.

After thirteen seasons as a minor league coach, the last seven at the AAA level, he was named the Minnesota Twins' pitching coach for the 2002 season, where he coached with former Met, and minor league roommate, Twins' manager Ron Gardenhire. From 2002-2010, Twins pitchers posted the third-lowest ERA in the American League, at 4.11. Anderson's philosophy for the pitching staff was to pitch to contact and limit walks in order to win. Consequently, no major league team was more stingy with free passes. For instance, from 2008-2010, the Twins issued 1,255 walks; the St. Louis Cardinals were a distant second on that list, at 1,433. In fact, from 2003, Anderson's second year, through 2010, the Twins issued the least or second least walks every season, although in the preceding six seasons (1997-2002, Anderson's first season and the five preceding seasons), they were no worse than the fifth least walks allowed. From 2011-2014, they ranged from fifth to eleventh fewest free passes.

On 27 March 1987, Anderson traded to the Kansas City Royals, along with Mets backup catcher Ed Hearn and minor league pitcher Mauro Gozzo for future star pitcher David Cone and minor league outfielder Chris Jelic. In retrospect, with the all-star career of Cone and the journeyman careers of Anderson, Hearn, and Gozzo, this trade is often listed as one of the most lopsided in major league history. Anderson split two seasons between Kansas City and AAA Omaha, going 2-3 with a 6.89 ERA at the major league level, before retiring following the 1988 season.

After pleading "All I want is one chance to prove myself" to Mets assistant general manager Joe McIlvaine prior to the 1986 season, Anderson's wish was granted. He made his major league debut on June 9 against the Philadelphia Phillies, pitching seven innings and allowing only one unearned run in a no-decision. His first win came on August 6, in the second game of a double header against the Chicago Cubs. For the season, Anderson went 2-1 with a 2.72 earned run average and one save in five starts and ten appearances out of the bullpen. Pitching rich in 1986, Anderson was left off the Mets' postseason roster and was only able to celebrate their eventual World Series championship as a spectator on the bench.

Anderson would see mediocre results in the minors, finishing with a 60-51 record over parts of 11 minor league seasons, as he possessed only average stuff and struck out an extremely low average of 3.5 batters per nine innings. Despite this, he would be promoted to AAA Tidewater at the end of the 1980 season. However, Anderson would spend the next six season shuttling between AA Jackson and Tidewater, being continually passed up for promotion to the majors while more promising prospects (such as future all-stars Dwight Gooden, Sid Fernandez, Ron Darling, Rick Aguilera, Randy Myers, and Roger McDowell) debuted with the big club.

Anderson attended the University of Washington, where he played college baseball for the Huskies in 1978.

Anderson was drafted in the 24th round of the 1978 Major League Baseball Draft out of the University of Washington by the New York Mets.

Anderson graduated from Mariner High School in 1975 and attended Everett Community College before graduating from the University of Washington. He and his wife, Rhonda, have two daughters, Cortnie & Ashley, and one son, Ricky.

Richard Arlen Anderson (born November 29, 1956) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and current coach. He is the pitching coach for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB).